Nesta quarta-feira (29), o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) aprovou uma tese que aborda a possibilidade de responsabilização de empresas jornalísticas que publicarem entrevistas falsamente imputando crimes a terceiros, quando há indícios concretos de que as declarações são mentirosas. A tese foi elaborada pelo ministro Alexandre de Moraes, com contribuições de Luís Roberto Barroso, Cármen Lúcia e Cristiano Zanin.
Segundo o texto aprovado, a plena proteção constitucional à liberdade de imprensa é consagrada pelo binômio “liberdade com responsabilidade”, vedando censura prévia, mas admitindo análise e responsabilização posterior. Essa responsabilização pode incluir a remoção de conteúdo por informações injuriosas, difamantes, caluniosas, mentirosas e danos materiais e morais.
A tese destaca que, na hipótese de publicação de entrevista em que o entrevistado imputa falsamente um crime a terceiro, a empresa jornalística só pode ser responsabilizada civilmente se, à época da divulgação, havia indícios concretos da falsidade da imputação e se o veículo deixou de observar o dever de cuidado na verificação da veracidade dos fatos e na divulgação da existência de tais indícios.
O julgamento vinha gerando reações de entidades que defendem a liberdade de imprensa no Brasil. Nove organizações, incluindo a Fenaj (Federação Nacional dos Jornalistas), a Abraji (Associação Brasileira de Jornalismo Investigativo) e a ONG Repórteres Sem Fronteiras, manifestaram preocupação com a possibilidade de “autocensura” nos veículos de comunicação, dependendo da decisão dos ministros.
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