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Inédita no país, pesquisa catarinense identifica efeito de óleos naturais contra mosquito da dengue

Pesquisadores da Unochapecó extraíram óleos essenciais de plantas presentes em Santa Catarina e em demais Estados brasileiros – Foto: Divulgação

O uso de óleos essenciais para combater o mosquito da dengue está sendo estudado em Santa Catarina. Os resultados preliminares da pesquisa, que é inédita no Brasil, são promissores. Os extratos naturais de plantas demonstram efeito tanto para repelir o Aedes aegypti quanto para eliminar as larvas do mosquito. Os trabalhos estão sendo realizados por uma universidade de Chapecó, com apoio do Governo do Estado.

Professores e alunos dos programas de pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde e Ciências Ambientais da Universidade Comunitária de Chapecó (Unochapecó) conduzem os estudos, que estão em fase final. Os recursos do governo estadual para o projeto foram investidos por meio da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina (Fapesc).

Pelo menos três espécies de plantas demonstraram ações larvicidas e repelentes ao mosquito Aedes aegypti. Óleos essenciais extraídos da unha-de-gato (Uncaria tomentosa) e da casca d’anta (Drimys brasiliensis) apresentaram destaque em efeitos larvicidas. Já o óleo extraído do crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflorum) demonstrou destacado efeito repelente. As larvas do Aedes aegypti usadas na pesquisa foram criadas em laboratório.

Além do efeito dos óleos no combate ao mosquito, a pesquisa também realizou um diagnóstico sobre a doença. O resultado preliminar aponta para o crescimento do número de casos e de mortes por dengue em Santa Catarina. Os fatores diferem de município para município, inclusive dentro do Estado. Cidades com maiores índices de saneamento básico e de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), por exemplo, são menos afetadas pela dengue.

Inicialmente restrita a Santa Catarina, a pesquisa avançou para mais de 1.500 municípios da fronteira brasileira, em parceria com a Universidade Nacional de Misiones, na Argentina. “A dengue não é um problema só do Brasil. O mosquito não obedece fronteiras”, disse a líder do trabalho, professora Maria Assunta Busato.

Os estudos levam em consideração dados registrados pelos departamentos de vigilância epidemiológica do Estado e de municípios de Santa Catarina, além do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Datasus).

Identificação genética dos vírus em mosquitos

Uma nova fase da pesquisa prevê a identificação genética dos tipos de vírus que estão presentes no mosquito Aedes aegypti. “Quando a pessoa adoece é feito um exame para saber qual vírus a atacou. Temos a identificação no sujeito doente, mas não no vetor. Em Santa Catarina não temos estudos divulgados sobre a identificação dos vírus que estão nos mosquitos”, afirmou a professora Maria Assunta. Há quatro tipos de vírus em circulação no Brasil, sendo o tipo 2 o mais presente.

Além da produção dos repelentes e dos larvicidas a partir de produtos naturais, as próximas etapas do projeto também prevêem novas ferramentas de comunicação social sobre a doença e capacitações para profissionais da rede de saúde.

Governo do Estado cria Grupo de Ações Coordenadas

O primeiro caso de dengue em solo catarinense foi registrado em 2011. Em 2024, há mais de 4 mil casos prováveis, sendo 900% a mais que no mesmo período do ano passado. Uma morte pela doença já foi confirmada. Mais de 5 mil focos do mosquito Aedes aegypti foram localizados em 186 municípios. As informações foram divulgadas pelo governo do Estado na quinta-feira (25), quando foram anunciadas novas medidas contra a doença.

Além de constituir o Grupo de Ações Coordenadas (GRAC), o governador Jorginho Mello determinou uma força-tarefa institucional para combater a doença. “Estamos nos antecipando. O calor e as chuvas contribuem para o aumento dos casos e precisamos unir esforços. Além dos repasses que estão previstos, toda a estrutura de governo vai se envolver nessa prevenção”, destacou o governador.

Os sintomas da dengue são: febre, dor de cabeça, dores musculares e nas articulações, dor atrás dos olhos e manchas vermelhas na pele. Podem ocorrer também náuseas e vômitos. A hidratação adequada é a principal forma de tratamento.

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